Picture-projecting apparatus.



No. 700,447. l Patente 222222222222 sm T H PIG T U B E P R 0 J E 0 T I N G A P P A R A T U S mmmmmm 8.

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I "Img l lll@ u In 'No.v 700,447. Patented-May 20, |902.

' G. W. SMITH.

PICTURE PBBIEUT'HW'FPH'TUST (Application led June 20, 1898.) v (No Model.) v a shamsheet 2.

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N'o. 700,447. Y Patented May 20. |902.

G. w. SMITH. 0

PICTURE PBUJECTNG APPARATUS.

(Applicaion led June 20, 189B.) u (No Mdl.) Y 3 sheets-sheet 3.

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' UNITEDv STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE WATSON SMITH, OF EVANSTON, ILLINOIS.

PICTURE-PROJECTING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 700,447, dated May 20, 1902.

Application tiled .Tune 20, 1898. y Serial No. 683,987. (No model.) w

To all whom, t naar] concern: i

Beit known that I, GEORGE WATSON SMITH,

of Evanston, inthe county of Cook and Sta'tetof Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Picture-Projecting Apparatus; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the'accompanying drawings, andto the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification. f Y f This invention relates V'to certain new and useful improvements in optical projecting apparatus wherebytransparent or opaque pic-V tures or pictures Npartly transparent and partly opaque or translucent o'r, in fact, a transparent picture or Yany kind of object or body or picture may be interchangeably projected without necessitating any change in the adjustment of the apparatus.

Heretofore magic lanterns have been devised to project transparent pictures only or` opaque pictures or objects only, or they have been provided withan attachment to the transparency-projector whereby the same may be converted into a projector for opaque" pictures. In the use of the said attachment, however, the adjustment necessary to effect the change from one class of pictureto the" other is such that it is not practical to show them interchangeably. All the aforesaid resuits are accomplished with my improvementsr without any change or adjustment of the apparatus whatsoever.V

In addition to the general features above referred to the invention also embraces other improved features of construction ofprojectors, as will be hereinafter more fully set forthf The invention may be more readily understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a device Fig.

3 is a sectional View illustrating a modified form of my'invention.l Fig. It isa. sectional View illustrating a modification of the construction shown in Fig. v

As showninl Figs. ff1 and 2, A indicates a box designed to support a lantern-box B and contain the lower part or oil-receptacle of a lamp O. The lantern-box B is constructedl `with similar horizontal parallel bottom and `4top walls, resembling in shape a trapezoid, the non-parallel sides ot which are equal, joined at its longer base with the longer side of a rectangle and equal to the same in length.

The vertical wallsot the said box consist of a frontwall b, end walls b b', which are at right angles with the front wall, and rear walls b2 b2, which are arranged obliquely with respect vto the front and end walls. The longervor front wallb'ofthe said box is provided with an object-lens G, mounted in a tube g', which is not shown in Fig. l. The endwall b nearer to the said objectivelens is provided near its rear margin with a vertioalislot or slide-aperture E. The rear end of the said box constitutes a reflecting-chamber, hereinafter described. A pipe or funnel C is attached to the topof the box B and the same being providedwith-a cap c and being designed to provide means for the escape 0I" heat. w

As shown in the horizontal sectional View, Fig. 2, the rectangular portion of the box B, vforrned'by'thefront and end walls thereof, contains an ellipsoidal reiiector D, of silvered glass or other suitable material, at one focus of 'which'is'locat'ed the 'lamp O, said reflector having an opening d to receive the objective tube g, containing the Iobjective lens G. The said lens is located opposite a slide-carrier E, whichis adapted to receive a slide e. The said reflector is placed in the said box with its central axis oblique to the slide-carrier, so that the light of the lamp O is directed obliquel y toward said slide-carrier and is concentrated upon the front of the picture or slide placed therein. T-he rear portion of said box constitutes a relection-chamberhaving the reiiectors D D2, which, as herein shown, are plain re-iiectors of silvered glass. Itis to be understood, however, that reflectors of any kind or materials may be used. Said reflectors are secured against the oblique rear walls b2 b2 and are placedat'anangle of fortyiive degrees with respect to theopticalaxis of the objective leus 'andwith the slideicarrier Between.therefiecting-chamber.and

the rectangularY body ofthe lantern-box-are located, side by side and parallel with-the front wall of the box, two condensing-lenses TOC) or condensers F F. One, F, of said condensers is placed between the lamp or source of light C and the reflectorD and the other, F, between the reflector D2 and the slidecarrier E in the optical axis of the objective lens. As shown, said condcnsers are planoconvex lenses having their plane faces adjacent to the rectangular box. By this construction a large part of the light from said lamp will be concentrated upon the back of the said slide e, the same passing through the condenser F to the reflector D', being reflected therefrom to the reflector D2 and being a second time reflected or thrown through the condenser F and thence through the slide e and the object-lens of the lantern. Animage is projected by the passage of the light through the slide e when the latter contains or consists ofa transparentpictureinlhemanner common to the sciopticon or magic lantern adapted to project by the use of transparent slides.

It is obvious that with transparent slides the instrument will operate in the same inanner as usually does a lantern for projection f'rom transparencies and that with opaque slides the instrument will operate as'ef'fectivcly as any other instrument operating by reflection from a slide orobject. Itis equally clear that with a slide partly opaque and partly transparent or translucent my invention will operate simultaneously as a megascope and sciopticon combined, thus without any change producing diorarnc results not heretofore possible or attainable except at greatexpense. Forthis reason myinvention is of great scientific value, as it is possible thereby to project perfectly sections of plants, minerals, anatomical specimens, and many others. Itis the more useful for scientific purposes, for the reason that the same slide or object maybe projected by reflected light alone, or by transmitted light alone, or by both simultaneously, without removing the slide or changing the adjustment of the projector.

In the modification illustrated in Fig. 3 a rectangular box B2 is provided with an objective G, located to the right of the center of the front wall b3 thereof. The slide-carriers E2 E3, with their slides, form a transverse partition midway in said box, the slide-carrier E2 being opposite to the objective G. A concave reflector D3 is secured to the rear wall of said box in a position to reflect the light from a lamp G2, located at or near centers ofi' curvature of the mirrors, upon the condenser F2, placed between the slide c/ and the said lamp in close proximity to the said slide and in a plane parallel to the front wall of the box. As will be seen by reference to said Fig. 3, the objective, slide, condenser, lamp, and reflector are in linear arrangement in the order named, occupying the right half of the lantern-box, adapted to operate as a sciopticon, projecting by means of transparent slides. To the right of said lamp C2 is placed a concave mirror or reflector D", of silvered glass or other suitable material, in such position as to reflect the side light of the said lamp upon a plano convex condenser F3, placed to the left of the said lamp, its plane side adjacent thereto and adapted to concentrate the side light from said source of' light or lamp upon the plane reflector D5, placed at such angle (aboutforty-five degrees) with the rear wall of said box that the light from the said condenser falling thereon will be reflected to the reflector D6, which extends across the left front corner of said lanternbox and at such an angle with the said reflector D5 and the slide c that all light falling upon the reflector D(i from the reflector D5 will be reflected upon the front of said slide, thereby illuminating the said slide and from the opaque portions thereof causing an image by reflection to be projected in a manner common to magic lanterns projecting from opaque slides. The plane reflector D7 is placed across the upper right corner, extending from the objective case to the slidecarrier E2 in such angular relation to the slide and the reflector DU that any light reflected from said reflector D(i upon the reflector D7 will be reflected back upon the slide.

It will be observed that the left side of Fig. 3 is, in effect, a reflection-chamber, having functions similar to the same element illustrated in Fig. 2, but reversed. Here the reflected light projects the image from the opaque picture on the front of the slide, whereas in the form illustrated in Fig. 2 the reflected light projected an image in a manner common to instruments projecting by means of transparent slides. This form of construction has many and great advantages, a few of which are that while the reflector DG is adapted to illuminate the top and left side of an object-as, for example, a geological or other specimen-the reflector D7 is so placed as to illuminate the top and also the right side of thebody placed on said slide, thus projecting from such bodies more perfectly than any other optical projector and greatly increasing its utility for scientific purposes. As a modification of this form and for the purpose of increasing the said effect of my projector, Fig. Il illustrates a construction in which the box B2 is made wider by the addition on the right of a reflector-chamber similar to that on the left, thus making the projector as respects the said reflection-chambers on the right and left sides thereof symmetrical, the concave reflector D4 being replaced by a condenser F4, similar to F3, and in like relation to the source of light. A plane reflector DS, correspending to the reflector D5, is located across the rear right corner, and a reflector D'J is arranged at an angle with the axis ofthe objective equal to the angle therewith formed by the reflector D, and a slide-carrier E", corresponding to slide-carrier E3, is arranged in the reflection-cl1amber on the right. Inasmuch as the two sides of thc projector are IOO IIO

symmetrical, it is obvious that they will operate with like eect on the top and the left and the right sides, respectively, thereby illuminating the front of the'slide e' or an object placed thereon from both sides equally,

thus better projecting images from an opaque slide or an obj ect placed on said'slide. There is also considerable advantage derived from having the slide-holders on theright and left of the slide-holder E2, inasmuch as by inserting colored transparent slides in said slide-holders light and color and other dioramic effects are produced not obtainable in any other projector projecting by means of opaque or partly opaque slides. The like effects are produced also in the like manner when projecting by means of a transparent slide. It is obvious also that the instrument is more valuable for all purposes, and especially for demonstration or scientific purposes, in that images of the same object orv slide may be projected by reflected -light alone,-or by transmitted light alone,or by both simultaneously, without removingfthe slide or changing the adjustment of the projector.v

As may be clearly seen by reference to Figs. 3 and 4, if a shutter suchas is indicated by H in Fig. 4 be introducedinto the slide-carrier E3 the instrument operates as an ordinary sciopticon. If the shutter be introduced behind the slide e in E2, the megascope eect v is obtained, while if the shutter be not used it is evident that the Vimage produced will be the result of a'simultaneous projection of a reflected image and an'image by transmitted light heretofore explained.

Anysource oflightandlenses and reflectors of any. shape and material may be used.

l. Anopticalprojectingapparatus,embrac ing an inclosnre, a slide-holder therein, said inclosu re being provided. with a space or passage outside of the slide-holder to permit the passage of the light around the same, a condensing-lens in said lpassage or space, an object-lens, `a source of light, and reflectors lo-` cated both in advance and at the rear of the:

plane of said slide-holder, whereby lightfrom said source 4of light may be thrown on both sides of a picture in said slide-holder.

2..An optical projecting apparatus, com-Y prising an inclosure, a slide-holder therein, said'. inclosure being provided with a space or passage outside of the slide-holder, to permit the passage of the light around the same,1a

condensing-lens in said passage or space, an object-lens, a source of light, and reflectors located both in advance and at the rear of the plane of said slide-holders including oneAor more obliquely-arranged reflectorsadapted tn change the course'of the V.rays'of light, whereby light from said source of 'light may be thrown on both sides of a picture held in said holder.

3. An opticalprojecting apparatus, comprising an in'closure, a slide-holder therein, said inclosn re being provided with a space or passage outside of the slide-holder, to permit the'passage of light around'the same,l a condensing-lens in said passage or space, an object-lens, a source of light, reilectors located at the rear and in front of the 4'plane of the" slide-holder including one or more reflectors arranged obliquely to change the direction of the rays of light and a condensing lensor lenses interposed between the source of light and the said slide-holder.

4. An optical,projectingapparatus comp source of light located at one side of and-in 'prising a slide-holder, an objective lens, a

front of the slide-holder,`a reilector to 'throw light upon the front facev ofan opaque picture in the slide-holder and two obliquely-arran ged Y reflectors, one at the rear of the source of light and the otherat the vrear of thel slideholder, said latter reflector operating to throw light through a transparent picture in the said slide-holder. l

5. An optical projecting apparatus comprising a slide-holder,` an objective lens, a

'source of light locatedin front of and -atone side ofthe slide-holder, a reflector located in position to throw light upon thefront face of anopaque picture in theslide-holder, Vtwo condensing-lenses one at the `rear ofthesource of light andthe other at the rearof the slide-holder and two voblique reflectors located at the rear of said condensing-lenses, said oblique reflectors beingvconstructed to throw light through a transparent picturei f said slide-holder.

In testimony'thatlclaim the foregoing as ICO my invention I affix my signature, in presence of two witnesses this, 16th day offJ une, A.

GEORGE WATSON; sMiTn.

Witnesses: WILLIAM L. HALL; CHARLES vW. HILLS. 

